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Federation of Swiss women against women's suffrage

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The Federation of Swiss Women Against Women's Suffrage was founded in 1959 after in a referendum of 1959 in which the Swiss men voted not to grant women the right to vote.[1] It aimed to prevent women from receiving the right to vote. Its first president was Gertrud Haldimann, Ida Monn-Krieger succeeded her in 1967. It disestablished itself after in a referendum of 1971, women's suffrage was approved.

Background

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Over twenty cantonal referenda on women's suffrage were held between 1919 and 1959 and each time women were denied their voting rights by the men who had the right to vote.[2] In 1957, the all-male Federal Council (The Swiss Government) began to support women suffrage, but recalled women were not disadvantaged in Swiss society.[3] In view of a referendum on women's suffrage in 1959,[4] a group of anti-suffragists convened in Lucerne in June 1958 and founded a "Committee for action against women's suffrage" under the lead of Josefine Steffen-Zehnder.[5] In their first reunion, they renamed themselves into "Committee of Swiss women against women's suffrage".[5] The committee of Swiss women held several reunions ahead of the referendum of 1959 to discuss campaign tactics.[5] To those reunions also attended National Councillor (MP) Karl Hackhofer from the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP).[5] In September 1958, cantonal branches were planned to be established in the cantons of Thurgau, Zurich, Schaffhausen and the cantons of central Switzerland.[6] But in most of the cantons only a few women were active anti-suffragists and the branches seem to have existed mostly in theory.[6] The one in Schaffhausen seemed to have disestablished itself following the referendum.[6]

1959 referendum on women's suffrage

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For the national referendum on women's suffrage in 1959, the Social Democratic Party (SP) and the Alliance of Independents both supported the yes campaign.[7] The result was that about 66% of the men said no to women suffrage.[2][7] Only the three French speaking cantons, Vaud, Neuchâtel and Geneva approved women's suffrage in the referendum in 1959.[8] Vaud and Neuchâtel introduced it the same year, Geneva in 1960.[8]

Establishment

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Following the electoral success in the referendum of 1959, from the committee of Swiss women against women's suffrage, the Federation of Swiss women against women's suffrage was founded in May 1959.[5] As its first president Gertrud Haldimann was elected.[9]

Cantonal branches

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A branch for Lucerne was established on 4 June 1959, another for Berne followed on the 29 June.[10] The one in Zurich followed in January 1960, in Solothurn a section was founded in June 1961.[10] The names of the presidencies in the cantonal branches were often the same as the ones of the national federation.[10] In Solothurn, the sister of Gertrud Haldimann was made the sections president.[10] The branch in Lucerne was mostly inactive following the death of its president Josefine Steffen-Zehnder.[10] Neither in Schaffhausen or in the cantons of central Switzerland, the Federation was able to recruit enough willing members.[10] In 1968, Gertrud Haldimann acknowledged that in all cantonal branches, there were only a few active members and it has been difficult to recruit new ones from the start.[11]

Arguments

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The federation did not so much campaign against more women's rights, but was against what they called the "wrong rights".[3] They reasoned that whilst men did have to serve in the military and women not, men were able to vote and women not.[3] Or they argued that even though there existed a few women who were interested in politics (like also themselves), in total they were not enough.[3] The few interested ones were deemed overly educated, and therefore incapable to represent the needs of the average Swiss woman.[3] Another argument was that a good mother had more power than a suffragette.[12]

1971 referendum on women's suffrage

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In the national referendum on women's suffrage on the 7 February 1971, the men approved it with 65.7%.[3] The result was also the end of the Federation of Swiss women against women's suffrage.[3]

References

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  1. ^ Furter, Daniel A. (2003). «Die umgekehrten Suffragetten» Die Gegnerinnen des Frauenstimmrechts in der Schweiz von 1958 bis 1971 (PDF). p. 7.
  2. ^ a b Petersen, Selim (2021-06-17). "50 Jahre Frauenstimmrecht - Archivperlen eines Schweizer Heldinnenkampfes". Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (in German). Retrieved 2023-05-31.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Merz, Noëmi Crain (2021-07-16). "Frauen gegen das Frauenstimmrecht". Blog zur Schweizer Geschichte - Swiss National Museum (in German). Retrieved 2023-06-01.
  4. ^ "Bund der Schweizerinnen gegen das Frauenstimmrecht, Kanton Zürich" (in German). Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  5. ^ a b c d e Furter, Daniel A.(2003).pp.25–26
  6. ^ a b c Furter, Daniel A.(2003).pp.27–28
  7. ^ a b "Frauenstimmrecht in der Schweiz".
  8. ^ a b "Frauenstimmrecht". Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (in German). Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  9. ^ Furter, Daniel A.,p.39
  10. ^ a b c d e f Furter, Daniel A.(2003).pp.29–30
  11. ^ Furter, Daniel A.,p.30
  12. ^ ""Eine gute Mutter hat mehr Macht als eine Stimmrechtlerin"". zentralplus (in Swiss High German). Retrieved 2023-06-02.
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